亚洲成人国产

   生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活最常見(jian)的鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過(guo)化學反(fan)(fan)應儲藏起來，到另一(yi)個場合或另一(yi)時段使用(yong)。鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)雖然造價較低，但也有(you)相(xiang)應的弱點(dian)(dian)，諸如能(neng)量(liang)轉換(huan)效率較低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)(fan)復充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)易老化導致使用(yong)壽命短(duan)、比(bi)(bi)能(neng)量(liang)（Wh/kg）和比(bi)(bi)功率（W/kg）小使設(she)備笨重、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長(chang)等；現在我們在手(shou)機(ji)上(shang)使用(yong)的鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，雖然也有(you)許多優(you)點(dian)(dian)，但它(ta)價格昂貴(gui)且儲藏電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)有(you)限(xian)，不能(neng)在大功率場合下(xia)使用(yong)；所以正在開發研制的超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)較而(er)言，就(jiu)有(you)著一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)無可(ke)比(bi)(bi)擬的優(you)點(dian)(dian)，它(ta)的前景不可(ke)限(xian)量(liang)。

    結構

    超(chao)(chao)(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)比通常的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器大得(de)多。由于(yu)其容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)很(hen)大，對外(wai)表現和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同(tong)，因(yin)此也(ye)稱作(zuo)“電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或說“黃金電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超(chao)(chao)(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)屬于(yu)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器,它(ta)是(shi)目前世界(jie)上已投入(ru)量(liang)產的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器中容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)最大的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),其基本(ben)原理和(he)其它(ta)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器一(yi)樣(yang),都是(shi)利(li)用活性炭(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)解質組(zu)成的(de)(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)結構獲得(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)大的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)。

    傳統物(wu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)容中儲存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)來源于電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)在兩塊極板(ban)(ban)上的(de)分離(li),兩塊極板(ban)(ban)之間為(wei)真(zhen)空(相(xiang)對介電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)1)或一層介電(dian)(dian)(dian)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(相(xiang)對介電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)ε)所隔離(li),電(dian)(dian)(dian)容值為(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)極板(ban)(ban)面積,d為(wei)介質(zhi)(zhi)厚度(du)。所儲存的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)為(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容值,ΔV為(wei)極板(ban)(ban)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降.可見(jian),若(ruo)想(xiang)獲得(de)較大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang),儲存更多的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang),必須(xu)增大(da)面積A或減少(shao)介質(zhi)(zhi)厚度(du)d，但這個伸縮空間有限(xian)，導致它的(de)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)量(liang)較小。

    工作原理

    雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong),采(cai)用活(huo)性炭材(cai)料制(zhi)作成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),同(tong)時(shi)在相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)之間充填電(dian)(dian)解質溶液,當在兩端施加電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi),相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)分別聚集(ji)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),而電(dian)(dian)解質溶液中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)離子(zi)(zi)將由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)場作用分別聚集(ji)到與(yu)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)上(shang),從(cong)而形成(cheng)兩個集(ji)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當于(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)串(chuan)聯,由于(yu)活(huo)性碳(tan)材(cai)料具有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)超高比表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)面(mian)積(ji)A),而且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)解液與(yu)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)距(ju)離不到1nm(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)介(jie)質厚(hou)度d),根據前面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)計算公式可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看(kan)出(chu)(chu),這種(zhong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)比傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)值(zhi)要大很多(duo)(duo),比容(rong)量可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高100倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)上(shang), 從(cong)而使(shi)單位重量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量可(ke)(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)內阻還能(neng)(neng)保持(chi)在很低(di)的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)，碳(tan)材(cai)料還具有成(cheng)本低(di)，技術成(cheng)熟等(deng)優點(dian)。從(cong)而使(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)進行大電(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)，且(qie)(qie)在實際(ji)使(shi)用時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過串(chuan)聯或(huo)者并聯以(yi)(yi)提高輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)電(dian)(dian)流。